KARAKTERISTIK PASIEN NON ST SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION DAN UNSTABLE ANGINA PECTORIS DI RUMAH SAKIT PKU MUHAMMADIYAH GAMPING PERIODE 1 JANUARI 2018 - 31 DESEMBER 2020
Abstract
Sindrom Koroner Akut mengacu pada sekelompok kondisi yang mencakup ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI), Non ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) dan Unstable Angina Pectoris (UAP). NSTEMI didefinisikan sebagai peningkatan biomarker jantung dengan tidak adanya segmen elevasi ST yang persisten. NSTEMI dan UAP memiliki gejala serupa dimana perbedaan NSTEMI dengan UAP adalah pada NSTEMI terjadi peningkatan troponin. Dengan diketahuinya data karakteristik pasien NSTEMI dan UAP, pencegahan terjadinya komplikasi bisa diminimalkan, mengurangi faktor risiko yang bisa memperburuk prognosis pasien dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik pasien NSTEMI dan UAP yang dirawat inap di Rumah Sakit PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Periode 1 Januari 2018 -31 Desember 2020.
Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional menggunakan data retrospektif dengan jenis penelitian observasional analitik. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan purposive sampling dan didapatkan sampel sebanyak 224 pasien yang menjalani rawat inap. Jumlah tersebut sudah memenuhi kriteria menurut OpenEpi dimana jumlah minimal adalah 164 pasien. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan IBM SPSS versi 20. Analisis chi square digunakan untuk melihat perbandingan antara variabel bebas antara lain riwayat komorbid diabetes mellitus, riwayat komorbid hipertensi, riwayat komorbid dislipidemia dengan variabel terikat yaitu lama rawat inap pada pasien NSTEMI dan UAP.
Penderita NSTEMI dan UAP terbanyak terdiri dari pasien yang berusia > 45 tahun. Riwayat komorbid terbanyak adalah hipertensi. Pemberian terapi terbanyak di UGD mencakup oksigen 81.3 %, infus NaCl 0.9 % 62.1 %, clopidogrel 75 mg 57.6 %, aspilet 80 mg 57.1 %, inviclot 49.6 % dan ISDN 5 mg 25.0 %. Pemberian terapi terbanyak di rawat inap adalah clopidogrel 75 mg 90.2 %, aspilet 80 mg 87.9 %, atorvastatin 40 mg 74.6 %, alprazolam 0.5 mg 70.1 %, bisoprolol 2.5 mg 45.1 %, dan furosemide injeksi 17.9 %. Pasien NSTEMI dan UAP yang mempunyai komorbiditas diabetes mellitus berpeluang 0.41 kali untuk menjalani perawatan kurang / sama dengan 5 hari jika dibandingkan dengan yang tidak punya komorbiditas diabetes mellitus, dan secara statistik bermakna (P = 0.02).
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